Thursday 19 June 2014

RED ALERT POINTS For PATHOLOGY

1. Lepra cells are : HistiocytesQ
2. The most diagnostic test for SLE is : Antibodies against DNA cellQ
3. Rossette arrangement of cells is seen in : RetinoblastomaQ
4. Heart : can not undergo hyperplasiaQ
5. Hereditary factor are important in : Retinoblastoma, breast carcinomaQ
6. Dystrophic calcification is not seen in : HaematomasQ
7. Lines of Zahn are seen in : Primary platelet thrombusQ
8. Transudates : has specific gravity less than 1.002, results from hydrostatic alterations arise in the vascular endotheliumQ
9. Amyloid (AA) originates from : Plasma cellsQ
10. Fibrinoid necrosis is not seen in : DMQ
11. Prolonged P-R interval : is not major criteria of rheumatic feverQ
12. The common primary tumor of heart is : MyxomaQ
13. The type of involvement of the heart in rheumatic fever is : PancarditisQ
14. Atrial myxoma commonly arises from : Left atriumQ
15. Most common cause of aortic aneurysm is : AtherosclerosisQ
16. Most common site of myocardial infarction is : Anterior wall of left ventricleQ
17. Concentric myocardial hypertrophy is seen in : Congestive cardiomyopathyQ
18. Asbestos : is associated with Ca lungQ
19. Commonest type of Emphysema is : CentriacinarQ
20. The commonest type of bronchogenic Ca in non-smoker is : AdenocarcinomaQ
21. Alpha -1-antitrypsin deficiency occurs in : EmphysemaQ
22. Gray hepatization of lungs is seen on day : 3-5Q
23. Pneumonia alba is caused by : MycobacteriaQ
24. Most sensitive liver function test to differentiate type of jaundice is : Urine urobilinogenQ
25. Gamma gandy bodies are not seen in spleen in : ThalassaemiaQ
26. Mallory hyaline bodies are not present in : Primary biliary cirrhosisQ
27. Papillary necrosis of kidney is seen in : DM, Analgesic nephropathy, Acute pyelonephritisQ
28. Micronodular cirrhosis is not seen in : Budd Chiari syndromeQ
29. The carcinoma of pancreas usually originate in the : Duct epitheliumQ
30. Most common site of leiomyoma is : StomachQ
31. ‘Lardaceous’ spleen is seen in : AmyloidosisQ
32. The most common type of malignancy of renal pelvis is : Transitional cell carcinomaQ
33. DM : is not a cause of granular contracted kidneysQ
34. Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis is histologically characterised by the presence of numerous : Hyalinized, sclerotic glomeruliQ
35. Periglomerular fibrosis is considered typical of : Chronic pyelonephritisQ
36. Elevated specific gravity : is the most specific to renal parenchymal diseaseQ
37. Commonest type of intracranial tumour is : SecondariesQ
38. The macrophages in the brain are : MicrogliaQ
39. Commonest cause of cerebral infarction is : Arterial thrombosisQ
40. The commonest cause of intracranial metastasis is malignancy of : LungsQ
41. The most common change in brain tissue due to ageing is : Atrophyof neuronsQ
42. Damage to nervous tissue is repaired by : NeurogliaQ
43. Response to iron in iron deficiency anemia is denoted by : ReticulocytosisQ
44. TB : may be transmitted by bloodQ
45. Leukoerythroblastic reaction is not seen in : Hemolytic anemiaQ
46. Reactivated TB is seen most commonly located near : ApexQ
47. Sideroblastic anemia is seen in chronic poisoning of : LeadQ
48. How long can blood be stored with CTD-A : 35daysQ
49. ‘Stress’ lymphocytes are seen in downey type II infectious mononucleosisQ
50. Echinocytes are types of : RBC’sQ
51. Bone tumor arising from epiphysis is : Giant cell tumorQ
52. Calcification front in bone biopsy can be visualised by using stain : Masson’s trichromeQ
53. Tumor originates from diaphysis : Ewing’s sarcomaQ
54. The commonest diaphysial tumor is : Ewing’s sarcomaQ
55. The commonest malignant bone tumor is : Multiple myelomaQ
56. Bone tumor arising from metaphysis : Osteoid osteomaQ
57. Para thyroid : is most often involved in multiple endocrine neoplasia-IQ
58. Commonest pathological cause of hypercorticism is : HyperplasiaQ
59. Hurthle cells are seen in : Hashimoto’s thyroiditisQ
60. The most common primary malignant tumour of the thyroid is : Papillary carcinomaQ
61. APUD cells are seen in : Bronchial carcinoidQ
62. Ca thyroid with good prognosis : PapillaryQ
63. The most common site for Amoebiasis : CaecumQ
64. Sickle cell anemia : is due to a point mutationQ
65. Spontaneous regression though rare is seen in : NeuroblastomaQ
66. Malignant change in Nevus is characterized by : Increase in sizeQ
67. Mycosis fungoides belongs to : Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma groupsQ
68. HLA complex in man is located on chromosome : 6Q
69. Coomb’s test (direct) is positive with : IgGQ
70. Medullary carcinoma thyroid is associated with : Amyloid stroma, CarcinoidQ
71. Luke’s classification is associated with : LymphomaQ
72. White infarcts are not seen in : LiverQ
73. Linzenmeter is used to measure : ESRQ.
74. Pipestem cirrhosis is seen in : Schistosomiasis Q
75. Most sensitive liver function test is : Prothrombin timeQ
76. Sequestration of lung is seen in : Posterior part of left lungQ
77. In virchow’s triad for thrombosis , hypoproteinemia is not includedQ
78. To differentiate benign and malignant ulcer, best is : Endoscopy and biopsyQ
79. Oncocytes are not found in : Pineal bodyQ
80. Coagulative necrosis as a primary even most often seen in : CNSQ
81. Metastatic calcification is most often seen in : LungsQ
82. Hutchinson’s secondaries in skull are due to tumors in : AdrenalsQ
83. Rosette shaped arrangement of cells are seen in : EpendymomaQ
84. First sign of wound injury is : Dilatation of capillariesQ
85. Pseudopolyposis is seen in : Ulcerative colitisQ
86. The commonest site of diverticulosis is : Sigmoid colonQ
87. Deletion of short arm of chromosome 11 is seen in : Wilm’s tumorQ
88. Increase in alkaline phosphatase is seen in : Leukemoid reactionQ
89. Asbestosis : will develop into lung cancerQ
90. Scar in lung tissue develops into : Squamous cell carcinomaQ
91. Anemia in human is caused by which worm : Hook wormQ
92. Ascending aorta involvement is the commonest site of which aneurysm : SyphiliticQ
93. To test hepatic function to assess bleeding disorder clinical test done is : PTTQ
94. Beta macroglobulin is derived from : B-cellsQ
95. Tissue thromboplastin activates : Factor –VIIQ
96. GABA : is a inhibitory transmitterQ
97. In sickle cell anemia defect is in  :b-chainQ
98. Chromosome 15,17 translocation is seen in : Acute promyelocytic leukemiaQ
99. Damage to nervous tissue is repaired by : NeurogliaQ
100. Mycosis fungoides : Cutaneous lymphomaQ
101. The highest malignant potential is seen in : Familial polyposisQ
102. The highest ESR is not seen in : Polycythemia rubraQ
103. Secondary amyloidosis complicates : Chronic osteomyelitisQ
104. The earliest feature of TB is : LymphocytosisQ
105. The low grade non-hodgkins lymphoma is : FollicularQ
106. Liquefactive necrosis is seen in : BrainQ
107. Increased haptoglobulin : is not features of hemolytic anemiaQ
108. The crescent forming  glomerulonephritis is : RPGNQ
109. Decreased fibrinogen products  : are untrue of D.I. coagulationQ
110. Earliest feature of correction of IDA is : ReticulocytosisQ
111. Kupffer’s cells are found in : LiverQ
112. Heart failure cells are found in : LungsQ
113. Psammoma bodies show : Dystrophic calcificationQ
114. Beta-microglobulin : is not a tumor markerQ
115. Commonest benign tumor of liver : HemangiomaQ
116. Blood when stored at 4 degree celcius can be kept for : 21 daysQ
117. Congo-red with amyloid produces : Brilliant pink colourQ
118. Oedema is caused by fall in plasma proteins below : 5%Q
119. Cloudy swelling does not occurs in : LungsQ
120. Gamma Gandy bodies contains hemosiderin and : Ca++Q
121. Hutchinson’s secondaries in skull are due to tumors in : AdrenalsQ
122. Albumino –cytologic dissociation occurs in cases of : Guillain Barre syndromeQ
123. Metastatic calcification is most often seen in : LungsQ
124. ASLO Titres are used in the diagnosis of : Acute rheumatic feverQ
125. Apoptosis is inhibited by : bcl-2Q
126. An example of a tumour suppressor gene is : mycQ
127. CEA : is not used as a tumor marker in testicular tumoursQ
128. Mitral valve vegetations do not embolise usually to : LungsQ
129. The least common cause of calcification in the lung is : AmyloidosisQ
130. Onion peel appearance of splenic capsule is seen in : SLEQ
131. Lardaceous spleen is due to deposition of amyloid in : Sinusoids of red pulpQ
132. CD-10 is seen in : ALLQ
133. Most common valve not involved in rheumatic fever : TricuspidQ
134. HMB 45 is a marker for : MelanomaQ
135. Hepatocytes : is not a labile cellQ
136. Antigliadin antibodies are detectable in : Celiac diseaseQ
137. Focal diffuse gall bladder wall thickening with comet trail reverberation artifacts on USG is in : Adenomyomatosis of gall bladderQ
138. Organelle that plays a pivotal role in apoptosis : Golgi complexQ
139. In myocardial infarction , microscopic picture of coagulation necrosis with neutrophilic infiltration is seen in : 1-3 daysQ
140. Microalbuminuria is defined as protein levels of : 151-200mg/LQ
141. Paneth cells contain : ZincQ
142. Psammoma bodies are not seen in : Follicular Ca thyroidQ
143. Sickle cell Red blood cells : Protective against adult malariaQ
144. BRCA-1 gene lies on chromosome : 17Q
145. Common complement component for both the pathways is : C3Q
146. Hypersensitivity vasculitis is seen in : Postcapillary venulesQ
147. Essential for tumour metastasis is : AngiogenesisQ
148. Onion skin thickening of arteriolar wall is seen in : Hyperplastic arteriosclerosisQ
149. Most potent stimulator of Naïve T-cell is : Mature dendritic cellsQ
150. Bone infarcts are seen in : Sickle cell anemiaQ
151. Periodic acid Schiff stain shows block positivity in : LymphoblastsQ
152. Perioral pallor and Dennie’s line are seen in : Atopic dermatitisQ
153. Abciximab : is not tumour necrosis factor blocking agents Q
154. Berger nephropathy is due to mesangial deposition of : IgA and C3Q
155. The most common site of ectopic phaeochromocytoma is : Organ of ZuckerkandiQ
156. The tumour causing polycythemia due to erythropoietin production is : Cerebellar hemangiomaQ
157. Thrombocytopenia due to increased platelet destruction is seen in : Systemic lupus erythematosusQ
158. C-C beta chemokine includes : EotaxinQ
159. The most common gene defect in idiopathic steroid resistance nephritic syndrome : NPHS 2Q
160. Mercury affects which part of kidney : PCTQ
161. Brain natriuretic peptide is degraded by : Neutral endopeptidaseQ
162. Nitroblue tetrazolium test is used for : PhagocytosisQ
163. Annexin V is a marker of : ApoptosisQ
164. Tumorgenesis in aging is due to : Telomerase reactivationQ
165. Pauci immune glomerulonephritis is seen in : Microscopic polyangitisQ
166. HLA is present on chromosome : Short arm chr 6Q
167. OmphaloceleQ : is associated with >20% risk of chromosomal anomalies.
168. Karyotyping under light microscopy done by : G-bandingQ
169. MIC-2 positive in : Ewing’s sarcomaQ
170. Stain used in identifying fungi is : Methanamine silverQ
171. Caspases are involved in : OrganogenesisQ
172. In apoptosis , the chief organelle involved : MitochondriaQ
173. Juvenile polyp : is not premalignantQ
174. Paneth cells characterized by : More number of lysosomal enzymeQ
175. Most characteristic features of acute inflammation is : Vasodilation and increased vascular permeabilityQ
176. CD 34 : is not B cell markerQ
177. Low serum haptoglobin in hemolysis is marked by : Bile duct obstructionQ
178. Clue cells are found in : Bacterial vaginosisQ
179. Elevated AFP levels are not seen in : SeminomaQ
180. Inwegner’s glomerulonephritis , the characteristic features seen in : Granulomas in the vessels wallQ
181. Defective DNA repair is associated with : Xeroderma pigmentosaQ
182. C in CRP stands for : Capsular polysaccharide of pneumococcusQ
183. Necrotizing lymphadenitis is seen in : Kikuchi diseaseQ
184. Choledocholithiasis : is not a high risk factor for cholangiocarcinomaQ
185. Kawasaki disease :  is not a common cause of vasculitis in adultsQ
186. Poor prognostic indicator in ALL : Age <2yearQ
187. ABO antigens are not found in : SalivaQ
188. Serum alkaline phosphate is low in : hyperphosphatemiaQ
189. Interleukin responsible for pyrexia is : IL1BQ
190. High hematocrit : is not seen in sickle cell anemiaQ
191. High risk of malignancy is seen in : Complex hyperplasia with atypiaQ
192. Mallory hyaline is characteristic feature of : Alcoholic liver disease Q
193. Most common cause of death in primary amyloidosis is : Cardiac failureQ
194. Anti-saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies are seen in :  Crohn’s disease Q
195. gp 120 is : Virus attachment Q
196. Mutation of keratin 1 and 10 are associated with : Epidermolytic hyperkeratosisQ
197. Inflammatory bowel disease with transmural involvement and skip lesions is : Crohn’s diseaseQ
198. Barrett’s esophagus is : Columnar metaplasiaQ
199. Caspases is : Involved in apotosisQ
200. Mutation in Marfan’s syndrome is : Fibrillin IQ
201. In Von Willebrand disease , there is : Factor VIII deficiencyQ
202. Glucose is used in stored blood to : Provide nutritionQ
203. Chronic persistent and chronic active hepatitis are differentiated by : Liver biopsyQ
204. Fixation used for bone histopathology :10% formalinQ
205. Prostate gland has : 4 zonesQ
206. Ligase enzyme : is not used in PCRQ
207. Prolonged PT and normal PTT may be found in : Vit. K deficiencyQ
208. Best to diagnose amyloidosis : Rectal biopsy primaryQ
209. Type of nephropathy in DM : NodularQ
210. Secretory antibody is : IgAQ
211. Bevacizumab : Monoclonal Ab against VEGAQ
212. Platelet dense alpha granules doesnot contain : AlphaQ
213. ACP enzyme : is not associated with liver diseaseQ
214. Ca tongue stained by : Toludine blueQ
215. A women present with megaloblastic anemia. Dysphagia has : Plummer Vinson syndromeQ

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