• hCG can be detected in maternal urine after 7-8days of ovulation
• The rapidly rising hCG seen between 3-4 and 9-10 weeks gestation coincides with the proliferation of immature trophoblastic villi and the extent of the syncytial layer
• Plasma levels increase, doubling in concentration every 2-3 days between 60 and 90 days of gestation.
•Failure of hCG doubling with time. This suggests the presence of an anviable or ectopic pregnant or threatened miscarriage.
• The average peak hCG level is approximately 110,000 mIU/mL and occurs at 10 weeks gestation
• Between 12 and 16 weeks, average hCG decreases rapidly with the concentration
•Levels continue to fall from 16 to 22 weeks at a slower rate.
•During the third trimester mean hCG levels rise in gradual, yet significant, manner from 22 weeks until term.
•hCG levels are comparatively higher in women bearing female fetuses.
•Human chorionic gonadotropin may stimulate steroidogenesis in the early fetal testes resulting in virilization and sexual differentiation in males
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