Mandibular Nerve

Easy way to remember mandibular nerve branches

Trunk( t for T -T M.P)
Tensor tympani
Tensor veil palatine
Medial  pterygoid

Ant division( aunty ma is late for temple)
Aunty- ant div
Ma- masseter
Late- lateral pterygoid
Temple-temporalis

Post division
Ant belly of digastric
Mylohyoid

IOCs for various conditions

• fibroid - USG
• tubal payency- HSG
• Mullerian anomalies - MRI
• Endometriosis - Laproscopy
• post coital bleeding - PAPS
• post menopausal bleeding - endometrial biopsy
• pid - USG
• adenexal mass - USG
• amenorrhoea - hormonal asessment
• molar - USG
• Ectopic - TVS
• ovulation - follicular monitoring
• hirsutism with menstrual irregularity- -serum testosterone
• AUB USG
• Adenomyosis - MRI
• ovarian reserve - FSH
• VVF - Cystoscopy

Newer antitubercular drugs:

Delamanid (OPC-67683; nitrodihydro imidazooxazole derivative) it inhibits mycolic acid synthesis with a great efficacy against multidrug-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis. No significant adverse events and no cross-resistance have been reported.

Bedaquiline ( Sirturo; Janssen Therapeutics) diarylquinoline for MDR &XDR TB, FDA Approved December 2012, it inhibits ATP synthesis (energy production) by inhibiting ATP synthase. It may produce arrhythmias and cardiac arrest.

APPEARANCE OF OSSIFICATION CENTRES AT VARIOUS JOINTS

Wrist Joint:

OSSIFICATION CENTRE	APPEARANCE	FUSION
Capitate	2 months	-
Hamate	3 months	-
Triquitral	3 years	-
Lunate	4 years	-
Traphezium, Traphezoid and Scaphoid	5-6 years	-
Pisiform	10-12 years	-
Lower end of Ulna	5-6 years	17-18 years
Lower end of Radius	2 years	18-19 Years

·         Capitate is the first carpal bone to appear.

·         Pisiform is the last carpal bone to appear.

·         2 carpal bones at the age of 1 and 2 years.

·         3 carpal bones at the age of 3 years.

·         4 carpal bones at the age of 4 years.

·         8 carpal bones at the age of 12 years.

Elbow Joint:

OSSIFICATION CENTRE	APPEARANCE	FUSION
Capitulum	1 year	-
Medial Epicondyle	5-7 years	16-17 years
Trochlea	9-11 years	-
Lateral Epicondyle	11 years	-
Conjoint Epiphysis(By the fusion of Lateral epicondyle, Trochlea and Capitulum)	Formed at 14-16 years	16-17 years
(Lower end of Humerus)	Mentioned	16-17 years

Shoulder Joint:

OSSIFICATION CENTRE	APPEARANCE	FUSION
Head	½ -1 year	-
Greater Tubercle	3 years	-
Lesser Tubercle	5 years	-
Conjoint Epiphysis	5-6 years	18-19 years
Acromion Process	14-15 years	17-18 years

Hip Joint

OSSIFICATION CENTRE	APPEARANCE	FUSION
Head of femur	½ -1 year	17-18 years
Greater trochanter	4 years	17-18 years
Lesser trochanter	12-14 years	17-18 years
Tri-radiate Cartilage	-	13-15 years
Iliac crest	14 years	18-20 years
Ischial Tuberosity	16-17 years	20-21 years

Knee Joint:

OSSIFICATION CENTRE	APPEARANCE	FUSION
Lower end of Femur	9th month of IUL	18-19 years
Upper end of Tibia	10th month (At birth)	18-19 years
Upper end of Fibula	4 years	18-19 years

Ankle Joint: 

OSSIFICATION CENTRE	APPEARANCE	FUSION
Lower end of Tibia	1 year	16-17 years
Lower end of Fibula	1 year	16-17 years

Sternum:

Sternum is made up of Manubrium, Body and Xiphisternum; The body is made up of 4 pieces.

OSSIFICATION CENTRE	APPEARANCE	FUSION
Manubrium	5th month	Fuses with First piece of body at old age
First piece of body	5th month	4th piece fuses with 3rd piece at 14 years and remaining pieces fuse with one another between 14-25 years.
2nd piece of body	7th month
3rd piece of body	7th month
4th piece of body	10th month (At birth)
Xiphisternum	3 years	Fuses with 4th piece at 40 years

Foot:

OSSIFICATION CENTRE	APPEARANCE
Calcaneum	5th month
Tallus	7th month
Cuboid	10th month (At birth)

International days

FEBRUARY
4- World cancer day [WHO]
6- International Day of Zero Tolerance to Female Genital Mutilation [WHO]
MARCH
21- World Down Syndrome Day
22- World Water Day
23- World Meteorological Day [WMO]
24- World Tuberculosis Day [WHO]
(21 is trisomy 21 day and after that comes Water, Weather and Air – 22nd, 23rd, and 24th)
APRIL
2- World Autism Awareness Day
7 -World Health Day [WHO]
25- World Malaria Day [WHO]
28- World Day for Safety and Health at Work [ILO]
MAY
15-International Day of Families
22-International Day for Biological Diversity
23-International Day to End Obstetric Fistula
31-World No-Tobacco Day [WHO]
JUNE
5- World Environment Day [UNEP]
8- World Oceans Day
12- World Day Against Child Labour
14- World Blood Donor Day [WHO]
15- World Elder Abuse Awareness Day
26- International Day against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking
JULY
11-World Population Day
18- Nelson Mandela International Day
28-World Hepatitis Day [WHO]
AUGUST
12- International Youth Day
19- World Humanitarian Day
SEPTEMBER
10- World Suicide Prevention Day [WHO]
21- International Day of Peace
28- World Rabies Day [WHO]
Last Saturday in September- World Heart Day [WHO]
OCTOBER
10- World Mental Health Day [WHO]
Second Thursday in October- World Sight Day [WHO]
11- International Day of the Girl Child
13- International Day for Disaster Reduction
16- World Food Day [FAO]
17- International Day for the Eradication of Poverty
24- United Nations Day
NOVEMBER
12- World Pneumonia Day [WHO]
14- World Diabetes Day [WHO]
16- World Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Day [WHO]
DECEMBER
1- World AIDS Day
3- International Day of Persons with Disabilities
9- International Anti-Corruption
10- Human Rights Day

Angles used in orthopedics :

1. Bohler's angle - Fracture Calcaneum

2. Gissane's angle - Fracture Calcaneum

3. Cobb's angle - Scoiliosis

4. Kite's angle - CTEV

5. Meary's angle - Pes Cavus

6. Baumann's angle - Supracondylar fracture humerus

7. Hilgenreiner's angle - Congenital coxa vara

8. Pauwel's angle - fracture neck of femur

Syndromes associated with dementia

Alzheimer’s disease
Pick’s disease
Parkinson’s disease
Shy-Drager syndrome (Multisystem degeneration)
Huntington’s chorea
Steel-Richardson syndrome (progressive Supranuclear palsy)
Binswanger’s disease (subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy)
Wilson’s disease
Leigh’s disease
Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease
Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker disease
ALS-Parkinson’s-Dementia complex of Gaum
Syndromes associated with mental retardation
Down’s syndrome
Turner’s syndrome
Kleinfelter’s syndrome
Cri du chat syndrome
Fragile X syndrome
Hartnup’s disease
Tay-Sachs disease
Gaucher’s disease
Niemann-Pick disease
Lesch Nyhan syndrome
Hurler’s disease
Hunter’s disease
Sanfillipo’s disease
Renpenning’s syndrome
Sturge-Weber syndrome
Crouzon’s syndrome
Apert’s syndrome
De Lange syndrome (Amsterdam dwarfism)