Musculoskeletal Radiology Signs

Musculoskeletal Radiology Signs
Absent in posterior dislocation of the
shoulder-Half Moon Sign
ACL Tear-Anterior Drawer Sign
ACL Tear-Bone Bruise Sign
ACL Tear-Deep lateral femoral notch sign
ACL Tear - Segund fractureLateral Capsular Sign
Acromegaly-Heel Pad Sign
Aneurysmal bone cyst-Blister of Bone
Aneurysmal bone cyst-Fluid Fluid Level
Ankle effusion-Teardrop Sign (ankle)
Ankylosing Spondylitis-Bamboo Spine
Ankylosing Spondylitis-Dagger Sign
Ankylosing Spondylitis-Trolley-track sign
Avascular Necrosis-Bite Sign
Avascular Necrosis-Crescent Sign
Avascular Necrosis-Intravertebral Vacuum Cleft
Blowout fracture-Tear Drop Sign (Orbits)
Bucket-handle tear of the menisci- Absent Bow Tie Sign
Bucket-handle tear of the menisci- Double PCL Sign
Bucket-handle tear of the menisci- Fragment-in-Notch Sign
Calcaneonavicular coalition-Anteater Nose
Chronic renal failure-Rugger Jersey Sign
Degenerative disk disease-Vacuum Phenomenon
Discoid Meniscus-Bow Tie Sign
Elbow effusion-Elbow Fat Pad Sign
Elbow effusion-Sail Sign
Enthesopathy-Tooth Sign
Eosinophilic granuloma-Button Sequestrum
Hemolytic anemia-Hair on End
Inferior subluxation of the shoulder- Drooping Shoulder Sign
Intraosseous lipoma-Cockade Image
Lipohemarthrosis-FBI Sign
Loosening prosthesis-Pedestal Sign
Mets, Paget, Lymphoma-Ivory - Vertebra Sign
Normal - No joint effusion-Pneumoarthrogram Sign
Normal spine-Cupid's Bow Contour
Osteopenia-Fish Vertebra
Osteopetrosis-Bone in Bone Sign
Paget's Disease-Blade of Grass Sign
Paget's Disease-Brim Sign
Paget's Disease-Cotton Wool Sign
Post traumatic bone cyst-Tumbling Bullet Sign
Posterior shoulder dislocation-Rim Sign
Posterior shoulder dislocation-Trough Line
Psoriasis-Ivory Phalanx Sign
Psoriasis-Sausage Digit
Rheumatoid arthritis-Boutonniere Deformity
Rheumatoid arthritis-Swan Neck Deformity
Rotary subluxation-Cortical Ring Sign
s/p anterior shoulder dislocation-Hill- Sachs Sign
Scapholunate dissociation-Terry- Thomas Sign
Short 4th Metacarpal\Metacarpal Sign
Sickle cell anemia-H Vertebra
Sickle cell, Gaucher's DiseaseStep-Off Vertebral Body Sign
Spondylolisthesis-Inverted Napoleon Hat Sign
Spondylolysis-Incomplete ring sign
Spondylolysis-Scotty Dog Sign
Subtalar coalition-C Sign
Unicameral bone cyst-Fallen Fragment
Volar Perilunar dislocation-Crowded Carpal Sign
Wrist Fracture-Pronator Sign

• IMP RADIOLOGICAL FEATURE

• IMP RADIOLOGICAL FEATURE
• Spider leg appearance----polycystic kidney
• Cobra head appearance---ureterocele
• Flower vase appearance of ureters---horse shoe kidney
• Sandy patches---schistosomiasis of bladder
• Soap bubble appearance---hydronephrosis
• Apple core lesion on barium ---ca colon
• Claw appearance on barium enema —intussusception
• Saw tooth appearance----diverticula of colon
• Birds beek appearance of esophagus on ba meal---achalasia
• Cork screw appearance of esophagus on barium meal---diffuse esophageal spasm
• String sign of cantor----crohn's dis
• Thumb printing sign---ischemic colitis
• EGG SHELL CALCIFICATION---- silicosis , sarcoidosis , scleroderma , histoplasmosis , amyloidosis , lymphoma following radiotherapy

DRUGS OF CHOICE:-

DRUGS OF CHOICE:-
1. Paracetamol-poisoning :- acetyl cysteine
2. acute bronchial- asthma :- salbutamol
3. acute gout :- NSAIDS
4. acute hyperkalemia:- calcium gluconate
5. severe DIGITALIS toxicity :-DIGIBIND
6. acute migraine :- sumatriptan
7. cheese reaction :- phentolamine
8. atropine poisoning :- physostigmine
9. cyanide poisoning :- amyl nitrite
10. benzodiazepine poisoning:- flumazenil
11. cholera :- tetracycline
12. KALA-AZAR :- lipozomal amphotericin- B
13. iron poisoning :- desferrioxamine
14. MRSA :- vancomycin
15. VRSA :- LINEZOLID
16. warfarin overdose :- vitamin-K
17. OCD :- fluoxetine
18. alcohol poisoning :- fomepizole
19. epilepsy in pregnency :- phenobarbitone
20. anaphylactic shock :- Adrenaline

Fistula Test

How are the results of Fistula test interpreted?

1. In fistula over the dome of the lateral semicircular canal: Increase pressure causes conjugate horizontal deviation of the eyes towards the normal side. As pressure is maintained, jerk nystagmus develops with fast component towards the affected ear. As pressure is released, eyes return to normal

2. Fistula of the lateral semicircular canal (anterior to the ampulla) causes deviation of eyes, to the affected side

3. Vestibular erosion causes rotatory horizontal nystagmus towards the diseased ear

4. Fistula of the posterior semicircular canal causes vertical movement of eyes.

Peripheral signs of AR:

Peripheral signs of AR:

large-volume, 'collapsing' pulse also known as:
Watson's water hammer pulse
Corrigan's pulse (rapid upstroke and collapse of the carotid artery pulse)
low diastolic and increased pulse pressure
de Musset's sign (head nodding in time with the heart beat)
Quincke's sign (pulsation of the capillary bed in the nail; named for Heinrich Quincke)
Traube's sign (a 'pistol shot' systolic sound heard over the femoral)
Duroziez's sign (systolic and diastolic murmurs heard over the femoral artery when it is gradually compressed with the stethoscope)
Also, these are usually less detectable in acute cases.

Less used signs include:

Lighthouse sign (blanching & flushing of forehead)
Landolfi's sign (alternating constriction & dilatation of pupil)
Becker's sign (pulsations of retinal vessels)
Müller's sign (pulsations of uvula)
Mayen's sign (diastolic drop of BP>15 mm Hg with arm raised)
Rosenbach's sign (pulsatile liver)
Gerhardt's sign (enlarged spleen)
Hill's sign - a ≥ 20 mmHg difference in popliteal and brachial systolic cuff pressures, seen in chronic severe AI. Considered to be an artefact of sphygmomanometric lower limb pressure measurement.
Lincoln sign (pulsatile popliteal)
Sherman sign (dorsalis pedis pulse is Quickly located & unexpectedly prominent  age>75 yr)
Ashrafian sign (Pulsatile pseudo-proptosis)
Cor en sabot(boot shaped heart)- TOF
Cor bovinum- 3° syphilis. N chronic AR..

Dermatology

1...ectyoma gangrenosa is dt??? pseudomonas

2...paracetamol causes ???photoTOXICITY

3...wavelength f uv-A???
   250- 280 nm
4..vit d produced max in???  stratum basale

5...in acne comadone lenoleic acid level??? decrease....

6...carpet track sign seen in??? DLE

Drugs

drugs used in hypertensive emergency-nitroprusside
nitroglycern
clevidipine
nicardipine
fenoldopam
labeatalol
esmolol
hydralazine
enalaprilat
phentolamine
(mostimp - nifedipine not used..)


Drugs causing disulfiram like action.
Metronidazole
Sulfonamides(CTX)
Cefoperazone
Cefotetan
Cefamandole
Griseofulvin
Moxalactam
Chlorpropamide
Procarbazine
Phenylbutazone
Furazolidone

SOME PRODRUGS AND ACTIVE FORMS
1. LEVODOPA ------------------- dopamine
2. ENALAPRIL ------------------- enalaprilat
3. SULINDAC --------------------- sulfide metabolite
4. BECAMPICILLIN –---------- ampicillin
5. SULFASALAZINE –---------- 5 – aminosalicyclic acid
6. PREDNISONE ----------------- prednisolone
7. ZIDOVUDINE ----------------- zidovudine triphosphate
8. CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE --- aldophosphamide

DRUGS CAUSING GYNAECOMASTIA
1. spironolactone
2. ketoconazole
3. estrogens
4. testosterone
5. digitalis
6. clomiphene
7. phenytoin
8. griseofulvin
9. calcium channel antagonists
10. reserpine
11. isoniazid
12. methyldopa
13. ethionamide


Drugs causing Fatty liver
1. Antiarrythmics - Amiodarone
2. Antibiotic - Tetracycline ( high-dose, intravenous )
3. Anticonvulsant - Valproic acid
4. Antiviral - Dideoxynucleosides ( eg: Zidovudine ), protease inhibitors ( indinavir, ritonavir )
5. Oncotherapeutics - Asparginase, Methotrexate .