ROBSON’s classification ( USED FOR RENAL CELL CARCINOMA)
Stage I- Rcc confined to kidney
II- extend through renal capsule but confined to Gerota’s fascia
III- Renal vein / IVC involved
IV- Tumor spread to local , adjacent organs or distant sites
Stage I- Rcc confined to kidney
II- extend through renal capsule but confined to Gerota’s fascia
III- Renal vein / IVC involved
IV- Tumor spread to local , adjacent organs or distant sites
most common site of EXTRA GONADAL GERM CELL TUMOR------MEDIASTINUM
metabolism in tumor cell is by -------aerobic glycolysis ( WARBURG EFFECT)
Rett syndrome originally termed as cerebroatrophic
hyperammonemia is a neurodevelopmental disorder of
the grey matter of the brain.......microcephaly present. ...seizures
hyperammonemia is a neurodevelopmental disorder of
the grey matter of the brain.......microcephaly present. ...seizures
gertsmann syndrome ............ brain lesions in the
dominant (usually left) hemisphere including the angular
and supramarginal gyri near the temporal and parietal lobe
junction
lung cancer
Low-dose, noncontrast, thin-slice helical or spiral chest CT has emerged as a possible new tool for lung cancer screening.
Based on extant data, it appears that nodules <0.5 mm are unlikely to be cancerous and those 5–10 mm in diameter (25–40% of noncalcified nodules detected) are of uncertain significance.
dominant (usually left) hemisphere including the angular
and supramarginal gyri near the temporal and parietal lobe
junction
lung cancer
Low-dose, noncontrast, thin-slice helical or spiral chest CT has emerged as a possible new tool for lung cancer screening.
Based on extant data, it appears that nodules <0.5 mm are unlikely to be cancerous and those 5–10 mm in diameter (25–40% of noncalcified nodules detected) are of uncertain significance.
A major challenge confronting advocates of CT screening is the high false-positive rate.
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