J wave

Abnormalities of JVP
1. Raised JVP with normal waveform: a. Fluid overload b. Right heart failure Q
2. Raised JVP with absent pulsation: SVC obstruction
3. Large a wave: a. Tricuspid stenosis b. Pulmonary stenosis c. Pulmonary artery Hypertension.
4. Cannon a wave: a. Complete heart block b. Junctional rhythm c. Atrioventricular dissociation.
5. Absent a wave: atrial fibrillation Q
6. Giant v wave: Tricuspid regurgitation. Q (Carvallo’s sign)
7. Slow y descent: Tricuspid stenosis Q
8. Prominent y descent: Constrictive pericarditis, severe RHF, high venous pressure.
9. Prominent x descent: Constrictive pericarditis, Cardiac tamponade. Descent is reversed in TR.