Gold standards

Gold standard method of treatment of DCIS - Mastectomy

Gold standard approach for resection of anterior and middle mediastinal masses - median or lateral thoracotomy

Gold standard method of treatment of Coarctation of aorta - Surgical repair

Gold standard method for evaluation of coronary artery disease - Cardiac Catheterization

Gold standard method for culture of V. cholerae o139 - Conventional culture method

Gold standard to determine cut-off titer of widal test for diagnosis of Typhoid fever – Nested PCR

Gold standard treatment of brucellosis in adults - IM Streptomycin + Doxycyclin

Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of of chronic arterial mesentric ischemia - Angiography

Gold standard method for treatment of chronic ulcerative colitis - Total proctocolostomy with end ileostomy

Gold standard method for evaluation of imaging modalities for liver tumors - Intraoperative ultrasonography

Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of common bile duct stones - Endoscopic cholangiography

Gold standard investigation for measurement of GFR - Inulin clearance

Gold standard for treatment of organ confined, muscle invasive, bladder cancer is - Radical cystoprostatect omy in men and anterior pelvic exenteration in woman

Gold standard for treatment of femoral shaft fractures - Reamed locked intramedullary nailing

Gold standard method in case of difficult intubation - Flexible fibreoptic intubation scope

Gold standard method for diagnosis and treatment of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) - Broncho alveolar lavage

Gold standard treatment of hyperparathyroi dism - Surgery

Gold standard investigation to differentiate follicular and papillary carcinoma of thyroid gland- Histology

Gold standard procedure for thymectomy - Trans cervical mediastinoscopy and surgery

Gold standard for treatment of adrenal tumors - Laparoscopic adrenalectomy

Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of breast cancer - Mammography

Gold standard method for staging of breast cancer - Axillary lymph node dissection

Gold standard for evaluation of a stable patient with suspected vascular injury - Angiography

Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of GERD - Ambulatory 24 hr PH monitoring

Gold standard method for treatment of GERD - Laparoccopic Nissens fundoplication

Gold standard for evaluating cure rate in duodenal ulcer patients – Vagotomy

Gold standard finding for the diagnosis of GI perforation - Finding pneumoperitoneu m

Gold standard for diagnosis of Zollinger-Ellis on syndrome - Serum gastrin levels( Most patients have serum gastrin levels above 1000pg/mL)

Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of colonic mucosal disease - Colonoscopy

Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of steatorrhoea - Timed quantitative stool fat determination

Gold standard method for treatment of incontinence with an isolated sphincter defect - Overlapping sphincteroplast y

Gold standard investigation for diagnosis and method of management of Acute arterial occlusion – Laparotomy

Gold standard method for confirmation of mesentric arterial occlusion - Mesentric angiography

Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of celiac disease – Small intestine biopsy

Gold standard for identifying choledocholithi asis – ERCP

Gold standard method of treatment of Symptomatic cholelitiasis – Lap cholecystectomy

Gold standard method for diagnosis of Primary sclerosing cholangitis - ERCP

Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of Hepatitis C – HCV RNA assay

Gold standard test for diagnosis of intraluminal bile duct abnormalities - ERCP

Gold standard method for management of hydatid disease – Surgery

Gold standard for assessing degree of liver injury and fibrosis - Liver Biopsy

Gold standard method for management of blunt hepatic trauma - Non-operative management

Gold standard test for assessment of function of sphincter of oddi – Manometry

Gold standard investigation of diagnosis of Klatskin tumor - Cholangiography

Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of invasive amoebiasis - ELISA