Strawberry nose : Rhinophyma( form
of rosasea)
Strawberry tongue: Kawasaki
disease,Scarlet fever
Strawberry vagina: Trichomonas
Strawberry gingiva: Wegeners
Strawberry mucosa: hypertrophic
rhinitis
Strawberry Hemangiomas: superficial
hemangiomas
Wooden chest: Alfentanyl
Wooden legs: Scurvey
Woody nose : Rhynophymoma (k/a
potato tumor)
Hebra nose: Rhinoscleroma
Hebra triangle: Scabies
criterias & classifications
1.Halls criteria : Downs syndrome
2.Dukes criteria: Endocarditis/Heart
failure
3.Butchers criteria :mesothelioma
4.Ann Arbours classifiacation
:Hodgki.s lymphoma
5.Bismuth classification: tumors of
hepatic ductal system
6.Nazers Index: Wilsons disz
7.Pagets Index : Abruptio placentae
8.Quetlet index: BMI -wt in kg/ht in
meter square
9.Ponderial Index: ht in cm/cube root
of body wt in kgs
10.Brocas index : Ht in cms-100
11.Corpulence index : Actual wt/
desired wt
12Milans crjteria: for liver transplant
in HCC
13.Mayers n cottons grading system:
Subglottic stenosis
14.Spaldings criteria: abdominal
pregnancy
15.GCS/Ransons criteria/APACHE
score: Pancreatitis
16.Ennekings staging : Bone tumors
17.Mc Donald's criteria: Multiple
Sclerosis
18.Epworths criteria : Sleep apnea
19.Framminghams criteria/Boston's
criteria: CHF
20.Durie salmon system of staging:
Multiple myeloma
21.Lights criteria: pleural effusion
22.GOLD's criteria :COPD
23.OKUDA staging : HCC
24.Child's Turcott pug score/MELD/
PELD- Cirrhosis of liver
25.Mantrles criteria/Alvarado score:
Appendicitis
26.Evan's stagng: Neuroblastoma
27.FAB: Leukemias
28.Glisson's staging: Prostrate
29.Robson's staging : RCC
30.NADA's criteria: ASD assesment of
child for heart disz
31.Rye classification: Hodgkins
lymphoma
32.Chang staging: Medulloblastoma
33.Jackson's ataging :Penile
Carcinoma
34.Seddons classification: Nerve
injury n regeneration
35.Larren's classification:Gastric Ca
36.Neer's classification:
supracondylar# femur
37.Gartland's classification:
Supracondylar # Humerus
38.Amsel's criteria: bacterial
vaginosis
39.Mallampati scoring: for intubation
40.Forrest classification: peptic ulcer
bleed
41.Hess & Hunt Scale: subarachnoid
hemorrhage
42.Duke staging : colon cancer
43.Rotterdam's criteria : PCOS
44.LEEFORDT's classification : facial #
45.wells criteria: pulmonary embolism
46.Rule of wallace/Rule of 9: Burns
47.Mansons classification: Radial
head #
48.Stanford classifi ation: Aortic
dissection
49.Rockall scoring: adverse out come
after GI bleed
50.Glasgow Blatchford score : UGI
bleed for medical intervention
51.Waterlows classification:
Malnutrition in children
Flow cytometry markers :
CD1a, S-100, CD-207(Langherin)-
Langerhan cell histiocytosis
CD 2 3 4 5 7 8- T-cell markers,CD3 is
pan T cell marker
CD10 (aka CALLA antigen) : Early pre
B marker,immature B cell marker
CD 11c, 25, 103, 123 : Hairy cell
lukemia (CD 123 Most specific)
CD 13,33,117, MPO: Myeloid series
marker-AML
CD 14,64: Monocyte marker (AML-M4
M5)
CD 15 : RS cell,Neutrophils
CD 15,30 : RS Cell
CD 16,56: NK Cell
CD 19,20,21,22 : B Cell markers, CD 19
is pan B cell marker
CD 23+,CD 5+ : CLL/SLL
CD 23-,CD 5+ : Mantle cell lymphoma
CD 30(only) aka Ki-antigen :
Anaplastic Large cell lymphoma
CD 31: Endothelial cell marker
(positive in angiosarcomas)
CD 34: Stem cell (also positive in
angiosarcomas)
CD 41,61: Megakaryocyte,platelet
marker,positive in AML-M7
CD 45 : On all leukocytes(except RS
cell)
CD 45 RO: Memory cell
CD 45RA/RB: Naive B/T Cell
CD 55(DAF), CD 59(MIRL) : Absent in
PNH
CD 68,S-100+ :Histiocyte marker(+ in
malignant fibrous histiocytosis)
CD 95/FAS ligand: apoptosis marker
(extrinsic pathway)
CD 99/MIC-2 : Ewings sarcoma
CD 103: Hairy cell
CD 117 :GIST,Mastocytosis,AML (117
is present on mast cells also)
CD 123: New antibody in Hairy cell
leukemia
CD 133:Glioma
CD 207(Langherin): LCH
CD 235(Glycophorin): AML-M6
S-100, HMB 45 : Melanoma
S-100 : Cartilagenous tumor marker
MCC of death in PNH : Thrombosis
MCC of death in polycythemia vera :
Pulmonary thromboembolism
MCC of death in klienfelters:
Infections
MCC of death in Downs : Cardiac
defects
MCC of death in Amyloidosis: Renal
failure
MCC of death in cirrhosis: HRS
some gene locations and inherited
mutations causing syndromes
APC gene: 5q (colon Ca & FAP)
(gene for blood group is located on -
Chromosome 9)
P16 gene: 9p (Malignant melanoma)
PTEN : 10q (mutation causes COWDEN
syndrome
WT1 : 11p (Wilms tumor)
Rb : 13q (Retinoblastoma
,Osteosarcoma)
NF-1 : 17q
BRCA 1: 17q (male n female breast
Ca)
BRCA 2: 13q (exclusively male breast
Ca)
P53 : 17p (Li fraumeni syndrome)
NF 2 : 22 q (Acoustic
Shwannomas,Meningiomas)
Grieff stages death
Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Depression
Acceptance
hypercacemia causing tumors-ROSA
R RCC
O Ovarian Ca
S Squamous cell lung Ca
A Adult T cell leukemias/lymphomas
Acanthosis Nigricans characteristically
seen in GLU
G Gastric Ca
Lung Ca
Uterine Ca
Acrodermatitis enteroathica -DAD
D Dermatitis
A Alopecia
D diarrhea
Sister mary joseph nodules r seen in
SCOP
S Stomach cancer
C-Colln Ca (large)
O-Ovarian Ca
P-Pancreatic Ca
Drugs metabolized by P-Glycolization
COLD"
C Cyclosporine
O Oseltamavir
L Loperamide
D Digoxin
KAN(ear) are ototoxic
K Kanamycin
A Amikacin
N Neomycin
Clavipectoral fascia piercing
structures ACL
A Acromio thoracic artery
C Cephalic vein
L Lateral pectoral nerve
C causes neutropenia
Clozapine
Captopril
Clopidogrel
Chlorpropamide
Carbimazole
BAP in Nazer Index( parameters
checked in Nazer index for Wilsons
B Bilirubin
A AST(not albumin*)
P PT
Cyanotic heart diseases: 5 types Hi
Yield [ID 1707]
¬ Use your five fingers:
1 finger up: Truncus Arteriosus (1
vessel)
2 fingers up: Dextroposition of the
Great Arteries (2 vessels transposed)
3 fingers up: Tricuspid Atresia (3=Tri)
4 fingers up: Tetralogy of Fallot
(4=Tetra)
5 fingers up: Total Anomalous
Pulmonary Venous Return (5=5 words)
Urease positive organisms
PUNCH:
Proteus (leads to alkaline urine)
Ureaplasma (renal calculi)
Nocardia
Cryptoccocus (the fungus)
Helicobacter pylori
S1,2 = ankle jerk
L3,4 = knee jerk
C5,6 = biceps and brachioradialis
C7,8 = triceps:
Ureter to ovarian/testicular artery
relation [ID 56]
"Water under the bridge":
The ureters (which carry water), are
posterior to the ovarian/testicular
artery.
¬ Clinically important, since a
common surgical error is to cut ureter
instead of ovarian artery when
removing uterus.
Spleen: dimensions, weight, surface
anatomy [ID 54]
"1,3,5,7,9,11":
Spleen dimensions are 1 inch x 3
inches x 5 inches.
Weight is 7 ounces.
It underlies ribs 9 through 11.
Thoracic duct: relation to azygous
vein and esophagus [ID 26]
"The duck between 2 gooses":
Thoracic duct (duck) is between 2
gooses, azygous and esophagus.
Bicipital groove: attachments of
muscles near it [ID 27]
"The lady between two majors":
Teres major attaches to medial lip of
groove.
Pectoralis major to lateral lip of
groove.
Latissimus (Lady) is on floor of groove,
between the 2 majors.
Interossei muscles: actions of dorsal
vs. palmar in hand [ID 293]
"PAd and DAb":
The Palmar Adduct and the Dorsal
Abduct.
¬ Use your hand to dab with a pad.
Inversion vs. eversion muscles in leg
Second letter rule for inversion/
eversion:
¬ Eversion muscles:
pErineus longus
pErineus brevis
pErineus terius
¬ Inversion muscles:
tIbialis anterior
tIbialis posterior
Carotid sheath contents [ID 669]
"I See 10 CC's in the IV":
I See (I.C.) = Internal Carotid artery
10 = CN 10 (Vagus nerve)
CC = Common Carotid arter
cd markers in pathology
CD1a, CD207: Langerhan cell
histiocytosis cells
CD2, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD7, CD8: T
cells
CD10: Early pre-B cells (immature B
cells)
CD11c, CD25, CD103, CD123: Hairy
cell leukemia cells
CD13, CD33, CD117: Myeloid cells
CD14, CD64: Monocytic cells (positive
in AML-M4 and AML-M5)
CD15: Reed-Sternberg cells,
neutrophils
CD16, CD56: Natural killer cells
CD19, CD20, CD21, CD22 : B cells
CD23 and CD5 : Chronic lymphocytic
leukemia/small lymphocytic
lymphoma
CD23 negative and CD5 positive:
Mantle cell lymphoma cells
CD30 and CD15: Reed-Sternberg
cells
CD30 positive and CD15 negative:
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma cells
CD31: Endothelial cells (positive in
angiosarcoma)
CD33: Myeloid cells and precursors
CD34: Stem cells (also positive in
angiosarcoma)
CD41, CD61: Megakaryocytes and
platelets (positive in AML-M7)
CD45 : All leukocytes (except Reed-
Sternberg cells!)
CD45 RO: Memory T cells
CD45 RA: Naive T cells
CD68: Histiocytes (positive in
malignant fibrous histiocytosis)
CD99: Ewings sarcoma cells
CD117: Gastrointestinal stromal
tumor (GIST) cells, mast cells
(positive in mastocytosis), myeloid
cells
Organs outside blood brain barrier
( Marble S O A P)
Median eminence
Subfornicial organ
Organum vasculosum lamina terminalis
Area postrema
Posterior pituitary
Granulomatous vasculitis
(Get The World Cup)
Gaint cell arteritis
Takayasu
Wegener Granulomatosis
Churg strass syndrome
Both Granulomatous n Necrotisin vasculitis
Wegener Granulomatosis
Churg strass syndrome
most radiosensitive stage of cell cycle - G2M
most radio ressistant stage of cell cycle -late S
most chemosensitive stage of cell cycle- S
most variable stage of cell cycle -G1
Some imp. Ocular Pathognomonics
1. Arlt's Line --> Pathognomonic of a healed
Trachoma.
2. Bone spicule pigmentation --> Retinitis
pigmentosa.
3. Busaca Nodules --> Granulomatous Anterior
uveitis.
4. Bitot's spots --> a conjunctival triangular
white
patches, pathognomonic of Dry eye.
5. Black sunburst ---> RPE Hyperplasia in Sickle
Cell
Retinopathy.
6. Bull's Eye Maculopathy --> Chloroquine
toxicity, HydroxyChloroquine toxicity, Cone
dystrophy & Batten Mayou syndrome.
7. Cobble stone papillae --> Spring catarrh.
8. Cornea verticillata --> Amiodarone side
effect .Other Causes ---> chloroquine,Fabry's
disease,Indomethacin.
9. Cherry red macula --> CRAO
10. Chocked disc --> Papilloedema.
11. Candlewax drippings (Retinochoroidal
exudate) --> sarcoid periphlebitis (Ocular
Sarcoidosis).
12. Egg yolk appearance --> Vitelliform macular
dystrophy (Best disease).
13. Eclipse sign --> Shallow Anterior chamber
Most common post op complication of
ILEOSTOMY(EARLY)-Obstruction
ILEOSTOMY(LATE)-Parastomal hernia
COLOSTOMY(EARLY)-Skin irritation and necrosis
COLOSTOMY(LATE)-Parastomal hernia
Correct me if wrong....
Mechanism of resistance-Mutation in tb , leprosy
Conjugation for multiple drug resistance
Transduction for staphylococcus
Soap bubble appearance
1.xray bone-gct
2.abd xray newborn-meconium ileus
3.mri brain-cryptococal meningitis
4.usg-muticystic dysplastic kidney
Rickets all seen , cranitabes , alkaline phosphate , Bow leg ( genu valgum-outelward curve of long bones) (except- increase acid phosphate) baby starts speaking sentance of few words - 2yrs MCC of death in PDA - cardiac failure ASD pt with murmur similat to MR & left axis deviation of 40 • is having? Floppy mitral valve first sign of puberty in females -Thelarche ( males - testicular enlargement) Generalized 3-4 hz spike &slow wave complexes on EEG seen in? Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy 3 year old child with recurrent stridor , what is the most probable diagnosis? Laryngotrracheo-bronchitis MC gasrltrointestinal malignancy of childhood ? Lymphoma first set of milk teeth appear at what age? 6 months true about gomez classification of malnutrition- weight is only parameter 12/10 (doubtful)
Chronic granulomatous disease :
NADPH oxidase defect
Deficiet of free radicals .
heterogenous disorders
xlinked defect of gp91phox
recurrent lung infection with catalase positive organisms
Hla and diseases
B27 - ankylosin spondylitis . Reiters syndrome. Reactive arthritis. Psoriatic arthritis.
Dr2 - narcolepsy . Goodpasture syndrome.
Multiple sclerosis
Dr3-
dermatitis herpetiformis
Chronic active hepatitis
Adrenal insufficiency
Graves disease
dr4-
Pemphigus vulgaris
Rheumatoid arthritis
Serology to diff hdv and hbv - coinfection and superinfection
- Superinfection
igm anti hdv +
Igm anti hbcag -
-Coinfection
Igm anti hdv +
Igm anti hbcag +
Cladribide-doc 4 hairycel leak
ABVD-ADIAMYCIN,blomycin,vincistin,dacarbazin 4 hogk lymph
Imatimib mesyl-cml
In ALL CNS prophy-intrathecal methotrexat or cytarabin
All transretinoc acid,arsenic oxide 4 Ac promy leuk
Mc mutant in beta thalas-intron1
Imatinib also for gist
Sorafenib for hcc
Suratinib Fr imatinib resistant GIST
Courtesy Tej n sunil
Malaria Progrrames
National Malarial Control Programme-1953
National Malarial Eradication Programme-1958
Urban Malarial Scheme-1971
Enhanced Malarial Control Project(Worlbank Supported)-1997
National Antimalarial Programme-1999
NVBDCP-2003-04(6dz)
Malaria
Filaria
Dengue
Kala Azar
Japanese Encephalitis
Chickengunya Fever
"bracket"calcification on skul mri?
Corpus callosum lipoma
Cork screw type glands seen in
Late secretry
tooth paste like stool is found in?
Hirshprung disease
Cranial nerves – facts
CN which is the smallest -- oTrochlear n.
CN which enters cerebrum directly - olfactory nerve
CN with longest intracranial (subarachnoid) course -- trochlear n
CN which emerges posterior to brain stem- trochlear nerve
CN with dorsal exit -- trochlear n.
CN which is the largest and thickest -- trigeminal n.
CN which is largest -- trigeminal nerve
CN with longest extracranial course --vagus n.
CN having longest intraosseous course -- facial nerve
CN with longest ( intradural )course - abducent nerve
CN passing through cavernous sinus -- abducent nerve
CN involved in raised intracranial tension -- abducent nerve
Abducent nerve has the longest intra-cranial INTRADURAL course!!
Hemoglobin
Deletions:
reduced amount-alpha thalass
Defective mRNAprocessing:reduced amount-beta thal
Point mutation:abn structure-sickle cell
t(x : 17 ) - alveolar soft part tumour
t(x: 18 ) - synovial sarcoma
t(11:14) - mantle cell lymphoma
t(14:18) - follicular cell lymphoma
t(11:18) - maltoma , extranodal marginal zone lymp.
t(15:17) , t (8:21) - AML M3
t(14:4) ,t(14:11) ,t(14:6) , t(14:16) - multiple myeloma
t(8:14) .t(2:8) ,t(8:22) - burkitt's lymphoma
t(2:5) - anaplastic large cell lymphoma
t(3q:v) - diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (v-variable)
t(2:13) - alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma
t(2:16) - myxoid liposarcoma
t(11:22) - pnet , askins tumour( ewings)
t(3:8) - renal adenocarcinoma , mixed parotid tumour
t(6:14) - cystadeno carcinoma of ovary
t(10:17) - papillary thyroid carcinoma
t(x:1) - peadiatric papillary RCC
t(9:22) - philadelphia chromosome
t(12:21) - ALL ( CBF alpha , ETV6)
schizophrenia t(1:11)
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