Six types of Abnormal Breathing

1. KUSSMAUL BRATHING:
Deep, rapid respiration with no end-expiratory pause.
Causes profound hypocapnia
Seen in profound metabolic acidosis, i.e. diabetic
ketoacidosis

2.CLUSTER BREATHING:

Groups of irregular breathing with periods of apnea that occurs at irregular intervals
General a reflection of lesions in the low pons or upper medulla
Differs from cheyne-Stokes pattern because there is no increasing and decreasing depth of
respirations

3.CENTRAL NEUROGENIC HYPERVENTILATION:
Exhibits very deep and rapid respirations
Usually seen with lesions of the midbrain and upper pons
Respirations are generally regular and the PACO2
decrease due to the hyperventilation

4.BIOT's BREATHING:

Also called Ataxic breathing
Characterized by unpredictable irregularity
May be seen with respiratory depression and brain
damage at the level of the medulla
5.APNEUSTIC BREATING:

End-inspiration pause before expiration.
Reflection of Pontine damage.

6.CHEYNE STOKES BREATHING:
Tidal volume waxes and wanes cyclically with recurrent periods of apnea.
Causes include CNS dysfunction, cardiac failure with low cardiac output, sleep, hypoxia, profound
hypocapnia