Antitubercular Drugs::
In Chronic renal failure::
Safer Drug: Rifampicin
Drugs given under supervision: Isoniazide, Pyrazinamide, usually
dosages are reduced in severe renal failure except in patients
undergoing hemodialysis
Completely avoided: Aminoglycosides
In Hepatic Failure:
Drugs given: Ethambutol, streptomycin +/- Fluoroquinolone
Drugs given under supervision: Isoniazid and rifampicin
Completely avoided: Pyrazinamide
10 questions from protein metabolism:
1. beer baby disease is due to malabsorption of?
2. which a.a in formation of NO?
3.cyanide nitroprusside test gives magenta colour in?
4.type 2 tyrosinemia is the deficiency of?
5.deficiency of aspartoacylase is known as?
6.obermeyer test is diagnostic for?
7.blue diaper syndrome is due to malabsorption of?
8.FIGLU is seen in the metabolism of?
9.Nitisinone is used in the treatment of?
10. HHH syndrome is due to deficiency of?
1. Methionine
2. L- arginine
3. Homocystinuria
4. Tyrosine transaminase
5.Canavan syndrome
6. Hartnup disease
7.tryptophan
8. Histidine
9. Alkaptonuria
10. Ornithine transporter/ translocase
T1/2
1. Serotonin ------------- 10 mins
2. Frestamini ------------ 20 to 30 mins
3. ATPase , esterase----- 1 Hr
4. Aminopeptidase------- 2 hr
5. Acid Phosphatase----- 4 hr
6. Alkaline Phosphatase--- 8 hr
LDH-1 is found primarily in heart muscle and
red blood cells.
LDH-2 is concentrated in white blood cells.
LDH-3 is highest in the lung.
LDH-4 is highest in the kidney, placenta, and
pancreas.
LDH-5 is highest in the liver and skeletal muscle.
Vitamins 🍒🍏
Stable and light sensitive Vitamin K and !
Vitamin required for electron Transport
(Coenz. Q) K1, B2
Dopa and Gaba : Metabolism depend on Pyridoxine
For the Function of Co.A Pantothenate
Folic acid is Pteroyl Glutamic acid
Folinic Acid is Citrovorum factor
Erythrocyte Maturation Factor B 12
Vitamins Stored in Liver A, D, K, B 12, Folate
Vitamin Stored in fat D
Richest Source of Vitamin A Codliver Oil
Vitamin E Halibut Liver oil
Prophylactic Dose of Vitamin A 66,000 Micrograms
Main Source of Thiamine in Indian Diet Cereals
P.E. T and Achalasia are expected to be
due to deficiency of Thiamine
Yellow Crystalline Substance Riboflavine
Red Crystalline Substance B 12
White Crystalline Substance Ascorbic Acid
Vitamins Which are present in animal
Foods only B12, D
Heat Labile Vitamins Vitamin C and Folic acid
Vitamins That are synthesised in Gut
(Flora) B2, B12 ( Not useful) and Vitamin K
In body (Skin) Vitamin D
F.I.G.L.U excretion is secreted in
deficiency of B 12
Methylmalonic acid Excretion is increased
in deficiency of B 12
Worm infestation causing B 12 deficiency Diphyllobothrium Latum
Vitamin which is an antoxidant Vitamin E
Vitamin useful in the treatment of
methemoglobinemia Vitamin C ( Methylene Blue also useful)
Vitamins with which Hypervitaminosis
occurs A and D
Vitamin deficiency which leads to
convulsions Pyridoxine
Vitamin useful in treatment of
Homocystinuria Pyridoxine
Vitamin useful in treatment of
Alcaptonuria Vitamin C
Vitamin that is used peripheral vascular
disease Vitamin E. ( For intermittent Claudication)
Vitamins that causes Hemolysis Vitamin K
Vitamin that causes Neonatal Jaundice Vitamin K
Vitamin that causes sensory
polyneuropathy in megavitamin doses Pyridoxine
Vitamin deficiency that causes pseudo
paralysis Vitamin C, Vitamin D
Vitamin for wound healing Vitamin C
Magenta red tongue is due to deficiency of Riboflavine
Raw beef tongue is due to deficiency of Niacin
Cataract formation and Corneal
vascularisation are due to deficiency of Riboflavine
Vitamin that does not cross placenta Vitamin D
Vitamin Destroyed by Ultra – Violet Light B 12
Folic acid deficiency may be caused by
(A) Phenytoin(B) Primidone( C)Phenobarbitone(D)
Aminopterin( E) Methotrexate( F) Pyrimethamine( G)
CTM (H) Oral Contraceptives
DNB/NEET SPECIAL
[1] Dubois abscess - thymus gland abscess seen in congenital syphilis.
[2] Clutton's joints - painless effusions in joints in congenital syphilis.
[3] Leonine facies - seen in lepromatous leprosy.
[4] Brochardt's triad - seen in acute gastric volvulus - acute epigastric pain , violent retching and inability to pass a nasogastric tube .
[5] Snow storm ascites - is seen in meconium ileus .
[6] Brunshwings operation - pelvic exentration.
[7] Commando operation - an operation done for the excision of the carcinoma of tongue , the floor of the mouth , part of the jaw and lymph nodes enbloc .
1/3rd of indian population iodine deficient.... ie prevalence of idd is 3/10
RDA Of Vitamins
A - 600mcg
B1- 0.5mg/1000Kcal
B2- 0.6mg/1000Kcal
B3- 6mg/1000Kcal
B5-10mg
B6-2mg
B9-200mcg
B12-1mcg
D-100 IU
E-0.8mg
K-0.03mg
Tyrosinemia 1 defi enzyme fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase n p hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid oxidase..
Fragile x macro orchidism seen
Inactivatn of x chrom..lyonization
Normal plasma vasopressin level 4pg/ml
