Branchial Arches derivatives

*Branchial Arches*

*1st Arch*:
(a Massive list of M’s)
Nerve: Maxillary and Mandibular nerves
Artery: Maxillary artery
Cartilage: Meckel’s Cartilage
                   Mandible + sphenoMandibular ligament
                   Malleus + Incus
Muscles: MAT x 2
- Muscles of Mastication
- Mylohyoid
- Anterior belly of digastric
- Anterior 2/3 of tongue
- Tensor veli palatini
- Tensor tympani

              *2nd arch*: *S*econd
Nerve: *S*eventh nerve (facial nerve)
Artery: Stapedial artery and hyoid artery
Cartilage:  - Stapes
                    - Styloid
                    - Stylohyoid ligament
                    - leSSer horn of hyoid
Muscles:
- Muscles of facial expression (Smiling)
- Stapedius
- Stylohyoid
- poSSSterior belly of digastric

*3rd arch*: think Glossopharyngeal nerve
Nerve: - Glossopharyngeal nerve
Cartilage: - Greater horn of hyoid
Muscle:
- Stylopharyngeus

*4th Arch*: Swallowing + The exceptions to the 6th arch below
Nerve: Superior Laryngeal (branch of vagus)
Cartilage: - Thyroid cartilage
Muscles:
- Pharyngeal constrictors
- Levator veli palatini
- Cricothyroid

*6th Arch*: Speaking (Laryngeal)
Nerve: Recurrent laryngeal (branch of vagus)
Cartilage: All laryngeal cartilages except thyroid cartilage
Muscles:  All instrinsic laryngeal muscles except cricothyroid

Blood supply to various organs ml/min

Blood supply to various organs ml/min
L-liver                   1500
K-kidney               1250
M- muscle            1000
B- brain                 750
S- skin                   500
C- coronary heart  250

Penicillins

Name penicillins causing

Seizure-procaine penicillin
Hepatitis-oxacilin
Neutropenia-nafcillin
Bleeding-Carbenicillin
Interstitial nephritis-methicillin
Diarrhoea-Ampicillin/Amoxicillin

Drugs of choice

For ADHD-Methylphenidate
For Postpartum Psychosis-Haloperidol
For Narcolepsy-Methylphenidate
For Lithium Induced Tremer- Propranolol
For Akathesia- Propranolol
For Resistant Schizophrenia-Clozapine
For Huntington's chorea -Haloperidol
For Anorexia Nervosa-Cyproheptadine
For Bulimia Nervosa-Fluoxetine
For Nocternal Enuresis-Imipramine
For Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome-Dantrolene Na
For Heat Stroke-Chlorpromazine
For Paracetamol toxicity- N-acetyl cystine
For Intrectable Hiccough-Chlorpromazine
For Gilli de la tourette Syndrome-Haloperidol
For OCD- Clomipramine or Fluoxetine
For Monosymptomatic Hypochondrial Psychosis-Pimozide
For Trichotillomoma- Fluoxetine
For Acute Mania & For Prophylaxis Of Mania-Lithium carbonate
For Panic disorder-Imipramine
FOR NSAID Induced Ulcer-Misoprostol
For MRSA Infection-Vancomycin
For Malaria in Pregnancy-Chloroquine
For Whooping Cough or Perteusis- Erythromycin
For Kawasaki disease-IV Ig
For Warferin Overdose-Vit-K
For Heparin Overdose-Protamine
For hairy Cell Leukemia-Cladirabine
For Multiple Myeloma- Melphalan
For CML-Imatinib
For Wegner's granulomatosis-Cyclophosphamide
For HOCM- Propranolol
For Delirium Tremens-Diazepam
For Drug Induced Parkinsonism-Benzhexol
For Diacumarol Poisoning-Vit-K
For Type-1 Lepra Reaction-Steroids
For Type- 2 Lepra Reaction-Thalidomide
For Allergic Contect Dermatitis-Steroids
For PSVT- 1st-Adenosine, 2nd-Verapamil, 3rd-Digoxin
For Z-E Syndrome- Proton Pump Inhibitor
For Chancroid-Cotrimoxazole
For Dermatitis Herpetiformis-Dapsone
For Spastic Type of Cerebral Palsy-Diazepam
For Herpis Simplex Keratitis-Trifluridine
For Herpes Simplex Orolabialis-Pancyclovir
For Neonatal Herpes Simplex-Acyclovir
For Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia- Cotrimoxazole
For Nodulo Cystic Acne-Retinoic acid
For Trigeminal Neuralgia-Carbamezapine
For Actinomycosis-Penicillin
For Plague- Streptomycin
For Opioid Withdrawal- Methadone 2nd-Clonidine
For Alcohol Withdrawal- Chlordiazepoxide 2nd-Diazepam
For Post Herpetic Neuralgia- Fluphenazine
For WEST Syndrome-ACTH
For Diabetic Diarrhoea- Clonidine
For Lithium Induced Neuropathy-Amiloride
Acute Glomerulo Nephritis - Penicillin( max 10 days)
Acute Gout - Colchicine
Acute Pancreatitis Pain - Demerol ,any anticholinergic
Acute Pulmonary edema - Ritalin ( Methylphenidate)
Addison's disease - Hydrocortisone + NaCl IV fluids
Amoebiasis - Metronidazole , emetin HCl
Anaphylactic Shock - Adrenaline
Angina - Nitroglycerine
Antidote for Ingested acid - Milk
Antidote for Ingested alkali - Orange Juice
Antiestrogen - tamoxifen or nolvadex
Anxiety disorders - BZD , Valium , Librium
Atrophic Vaginitis - DES, TACE , estrogen preparation
Attention deficit disorder - Ritalin , Benxedrin ,Dexedrine
Autism - Thorazine ( Chlorpromazine )
Bell's Palsy - Prednisolone
Burns Pain - Morphine
Chancroid - Cotrimoxazole (2 weeks)
Childhood schizophrenia - Thorazine ( Chlorpromazine)
Chlamydia - Tetracycline
Cholera - Tetracycline + rehydration + K supplement
Choriocarcinoma - Methotrexate,Cytosar , Parithenol
Chronic Gout - allopurinol ,Antazone , Benemid
Colostomy bag - Aspirin or Chlorophyll (improve smell)
DOC for Ulcerative colitis-5 aminosalicylic acid

DOC for Crohn’s -

Magnesium Oxide is the antidote for mineral acid poisoning

TOC for acute coalescent mastoiditis-Simple mastiodectomy

TOC of SCC of maxillary antrum-Surgery+Radiotherapy

DOC for Cholera Chemoprophylaxis-Tetracycline

DOC for Cholera in adults- Doxycycline

DOC for Cholera in children-Cotrimoxazole

DOC for cholera in Pregnant women-Furazolidone.

DOC of neurosyphilis- crystalline penicillin G

DOC for CML- imatinib mesylate

DOC for supraventricular tachycardia- adenosine

DOC for foetal adrenal suppression-dexamethasone (started as soon as preg is recognised and not later than 9wks gestation)

DOC for central DI -Desmopressin
Drug of choice for Bier’s block (IVRA) — Lidocaine, 40–50 mL (0.5 mL/kg in children) of a 0.5% solution without epinephrine

DOC for nocardiosis - sulfamethoxazole

Doc for ascariasis in pregnant woman-pyrantel pamoate

Gold std t/t for brucella -strepto +doxo

drug of choice for visceral larva migrans-Albendazole

WILSON DISEASE,
INV OF CHOICE——–LIVER BIOPSY
DOC———-ZINC

DOC for akathesia- Beta blockers

most sensitive inv for Extradrenal phaeochromocytoma?
DOPAPET :most sensitive inv

MIBG : most SPECIFIC inv

Cardiotoxicity caused by radiotherapy and chemotherapy -endomyocardial biopsy

TOC of anal canal tumours- Chemoradiation

SPM Updates

1. 16th may 2016 celebrated as Dengue day for the first time.
2. Primordial and primary prevention- more effective and more difficult.
3. Secondary and Tertiary prevention- less effective and less difficult.
4.September 8th- world literacy day
Literacy rate of India- 74.6
Male-82.1 & female- 65.5
Tripura = max literacy rate
5.Current crude death rate = 7/1000 population
mid year population = as of 1st of june
6. Latest vaccine to be launched is for Rotavirus(oral drops), before that was IPV (inactivated polio vaccine).
7.Poverty line- amount required to buy 2400kcal/person/day in rural and 2200kcal/person/day in urban setup.
urban- rs42/-, rural- rs32/- per day.
india has 29.5% population BPL
8.most common type of disaster in india= hydrological
dealt by home ministry but head of national disaster management is Prime minister.
2nd wednesday of october = world disaster day
Tamil nadu and west bengal most affected by disaster.
most common post disaster disease = acute gastroenteritis
9.world health day = 7th april
and agenda as of 7th april 2016= beat diabetes
10. child sex ratio= 923
adult sex ratio= 943
Indian TFR = 2.3
11.pearl index of male condom = 2-14/hwy
IUD = 0.5-2.0/hwy
oral pill = .0-.5/hwy
NEW BRAND NAME OF CONDOMS AVAILABLE UNDER NATIONAL PROGRAM IS "ASHA" , previously called as "NIRODH" (2016)
12. SWACH BHARAT ABHIYAN launched on 2/10/14, objective is to clean india by 2019 on 150th birthday of Mahatma Gandhi.
13. MMR = 167/1 LAKH LIVE BIRTHS
IMR = 40/1000 LIVE BIRTHS
NMR = 28/1000 LIVE BIRTHS
U5MR = 49/1000 LIVE BIRTHS
STILL BIRTH RATE = 22/1000 LIVE BIRTHS
INSTITUTIONAL DELIVERIES = 80%
FULLY IMMUNISED = 72%
14. GERIATRICS = AGE >60 YRS
8.5% GERIATRICS ON 15/04/2016
most common health disorder (india) = cataract
most common cause of death = cardiovascular diseases
15. Latest national scheme for BPL is "UJJAWALA" BY NARENDRA MODI that is providing LPG to BPL families.
16. most common cause of paediatric mortality is prematurity.
17. ideal ANC visits(WHO) are,
monthly till 7th month
bi monthly in 8th month
weekly in 9th month
NOW MINIMUM ANC VISITS ARE 4 BY WHO(2015)
FIRST- AT REGISTRATION <12 WEEKS
SECOND- 14-26 WEEKS
THIRD - 28-34 WEEKS
FOURTH- AFTER 36 WEEKS
PNC VISITS = MONTHLY TILL 6 MONTHS.
18. NATIONAL DE- WORMING DAY = 10TH FEB
MEBENDAZOLE (DOC) - 1ST TRIMESTER
ALBENDAZOLE (DOC) FROM 2ND TRIMESTER ONWARDS,
also for adults and child.
19. CAUSES OF MATERNAL MORTALITY
DIRECT- HAEMORRAGE(37%)
INDIRECT- ANEMIA (35%)
20. INDIAN CUT OFF FOR OBESITY - BMI = 22.5
GLOBALLY- 25