Causes of rib notching:

Superior rib notching
Polio
Connective tissue disease
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Hyperparathyroidism

Inferior rib notching

Thrombosis of aorta
Coarctation of arota
Blalock Taussig shunt
Occlusion of subclavian artery
Pulmonary AV malformation

Carneys complex

It is an autosomal dominant condition associated with :
cardiac myxoma,
hyperlentiginosis,
sertoli cell tumor
adrenal tumors.

LDH

LDH 1=heart
LDH 2=RBC
LDH 3=brain
LDH 4=liver
LDH 5=skeletal muscle

Electroretinogram

A wave=hyperpolarisation of rods and cones
B wave=depolarisation of bipolar cells
C wave=depolarisation of ganglion cells

Mnemonic for autosomal dominant disorders is :

Very Powerful DOMINANT Humans
V-Von willibrands disease/ Von hippel
lindau
P – Pseudo hypoparathyroidism
D – Dystrophia myotonica
O – Osteogenesis imperfecta/Osler-
weber-rendu
M – Marfans syndrome
I – Intermittent porphyria
N – Neurofibramatosis
A – Achondroplasia, Adult polycystic
kidney disease
N – Noonans syndrome
T- Tuberous sclerosis
H – Hypercholestrolemia
H – Huntington’s disease
H – Hypertrophic obstructive
cardiomyopathy
H – Hereditary spherocytosis
H – Hereditary non polyposis coli
H – Hereditary hemorrhagic
telengiectasia

Some points about the drugs used in MS

Glatrimer acetate:reduces the attack rate in RRMS,side effects being flushing,chest tightness,dyspnea.

Natalizumab:causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.

Fingolimod:causes first degree heart block and bradycardia.

Mitoxantrone:best drug for ms[not doc ],specific indication being cardiotoxicity,amenorrhea,and acute leukemia.

Classification of Surgical Wound:

Class 1-Clean wound

No infection, No inflammatin, Only skin microflora contamintaed, e.g-Hernia repair & breast biopsy.

Class 2-Clean wound
Hollow viscus opend but no inflammation
E.g. Cholecystectomy,

Class 3-Contaminatd wound
Extensive entry of bacteria into a nrmal sterile area
E.g Open cardiac srgry
Uncontrolled slipage of viscus contents such as from intestine, inflammation is apparent. E.g. PENETRATNG ABDOMINAL TRAUMA,

Class 4- Dirty wound

Traumatic wound in whch tretment z delayed.
Necrotic tissue, pus, present.!
Severe inflammation
E.g. Perforatd diverticulitis, Necrotisng soft tissue infctn

Immunoglobulins update:

1. Smallest Ig- IgG
2. Largest Ig- IgM
3. Maximum serum concentration- IgG
4. Minimum serum concentration- IgE
5.Heat Labile- IgE
6. Earliest to be Synthesised (primary immune response)- IgM
7. Secondary immune response- IgG
8. Crosses Placenta- IgG
9. Minimum half Life- IgE
10. Maximum half life- IgG
11. Protects Surfaces- IgA
12. Warm Antibodies- IgG
13. Cold Antbodies- IgM
14. Present in Milk- IgG and IgA
15. Fix complements via classical pathway- IgM & IgG
16. Fix complements via alternative pathway- IgA & IgD
17. Primary allergic response- IgE
18. Maximum sedimentation cofficient- IgM
19. Reagin activity - IgE
20. Antigen recognition by B cells - IgD

Hypersplenism can be causedby:

Cirrhosis
Lymphoma
Malaria
Tuberculosis
Various connective tissue and
inflammatory diseases

Antibodies to respective diseases are as follows..

**SLE - Anti -sm(most specific) Ds-DNA
*Myositis- JO-1
*CREST- Autocentromere
* Diffuse Systemic sclerosis- Anti SC/70,RNA Polymerase lV
* Primary biliary cirrhosis- Anti mitochondrial antibody.
LKM 1- Autoimmune,HCV
LKM 2- Drug induced Hepatitis
LKM 3- Hep D virus
*Anti-Ro,Anti-La-- Sjogren syndrome
*Anti myloperoxidase (P ANCA)-- Microscopic polyangitis,Churg Strauss syndrome,Goodpasture syndrome
*Anti - Protinase(C ANCA)- Wegners granulomatosis
*Anti - Gliadin-- Coeliac Sprue
*Anti -CPA-- Rheumatoid Arthritis..

Mnemonic for contraindications foruse of lignocaine with adrenaline is :

Digital PEN :
Digital PEN stands for:
D – Digits (Fingers and toes)
P – Penis
E – Ear
N – Nose tip

Decreased LAP score

CML
PNH
Aplastic anaemia
Heriditary hypophosphatesia

Wound healing: factors delaying

DID NOT HEAL:
Drugs
Infection/ Icterus/ Ischemia
Diabetes
Nutrition
Oxygen (hypoxia)
Toxins
Hypothermia/ Hyperthermia
Acidosis
Local anesthetic

Malaria: complications offalciparum malaria

CHAPLIN:
Cerebral malaria/ Coma
Hypoglycemia
Anaemia
Pulmonary edema
Lactic acidosis
Infections
Necrois of renal tubules (ATN)